[2309.07250] All you need is spin: SU(2) equivariant variational quantum circuits based on spin networks

Quantum Physics arXiv:2309.07250 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 13 Sep 2023 (v1), last revised 24 Mar 2026 (this version, v2)] Title:All you need is spin: SU(2) equivariant variational quantum circuits based on spin networks Authors:Richard D. P. East, Guillermo Alonso-Linaje, Chae-Yeun Park View a PDF of the paper titled All you need is spin: SU(2) equivariant variational quantum circuits based on spin networks, by Richard D. P. East and 2 other authors View PDF Abstract:Variational algorithms require architectures that naturally constrain the optimization space to run efficiently. Geometric quantum machine learning achieves this goal by encoding group structure into parameterized quantum circuits to include the symmetries of a problem as an inductive bias. However, constructing such circuits is challenging as a concrete guiding principle has yet to emerge. In this paper, we propose the use of spin networks, a form of directed tensor network invariant under a group transformation, to devise SU(2) equivariant quantum circuit ansätze $\unicode{x2013}$ circuits possessing spin-rotation symmetry. By changing to the basis that block diagonalizes the SU(2) group action, these networks provide a natural building block for constructing parameterized equivariant quantum circuits. We prove that our construction is mathematically equivalent to other known constructions, such as those based on twirling and generalized permutations, but more direct to implement on quantum hardware. The effi...