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[2602.17911] Condition-Gated Reasoning for Context-Dependent Biomedical Question Answering
Summary
The paper introduces Condition-Gated Reasoning (CGR) for context-dependent biomedical question answering, addressing the limitations of existing systems that overlook patient-specific factors.
Why It Matters
This research is significant as it highlights the necessity for biomedical QA systems to incorporate conditional reasoning, which is crucial for accurate clinical decision-making. By establishing a benchmark and a novel framework, it aims to enhance the reliability of medical AI applications.
Key Takeaways
- CGR framework improves biomedical QA by considering patient-specific conditions.
- CondMedQA benchmark is introduced to evaluate conditional reasoning in QA systems.
- CGR outperforms existing methods by ensuring context-appropriate answers.
Computer Science > Computation and Language arXiv:2602.17911 (cs) [Submitted on 20 Feb 2026] Title:Condition-Gated Reasoning for Context-Dependent Biomedical Question Answering Authors:Jash Rajesh Parekh, Wonbin Kweon, Joey Chan, Rezarta Islamaj, Robert Leaman, Pengcheng Jiang, Chih-Hsuan Wei, Zhizheng Wang, Zhiyong Lu, Jiawei Han View a PDF of the paper titled Condition-Gated Reasoning for Context-Dependent Biomedical Question Answering, by Jash Rajesh Parekh and 9 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Current biomedical question answering (QA) systems often assume that medical knowledge applies uniformly, yet real-world clinical reasoning is inherently conditional: nearly every decision depends on patient-specific factors such as comorbidities and contraindications. Existing benchmarks do not evaluate such conditional reasoning, and retrieval-augmented or graph-based methods lack explicit mechanisms to ensure that retrieved knowledge is applicable to given context. To address this gap, we propose CondMedQA, the first benchmark for conditional biomedical QA, consisting of multi-hop questions whose answers vary with patient conditions. Furthermore, we propose Condition-Gated Reasoning (CGR), a novel framework that constructs condition-aware knowledge graphs and selectively activates or prunes reasoning paths based on query conditions. Our findings show that CGR more reliably selects condition-appropriate answers while matching or exceeding state-of-the-art pe...
