[2604.06280] DosimeTron: Automating Personalized Monte Carlo Radiation Dosimetry in PET/CT with Agentic AI

Physics > Medical Physics arXiv:2604.06280 (physics) [Submitted on 7 Apr 2026] Title:DosimeTron: Automating Personalized Monte Carlo Radiation Dosimetry in PET/CT with Agentic AI Authors:Eleftherios Tzanis, Michail E. Klontzas, Antonios Tzortzakakis View a PDF of the paper titled DosimeTron: Automating Personalized Monte Carlo Radiation Dosimetry in PET/CT with Agentic AI, by Eleftherios Tzanis and 2 other authors View PDF Abstract:Purpose: To develop and evaluate DosimeTron, an agentic AI system for automated patient-specific MC internal radiation dosimetry in PET/CT examinations. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, DosimeTron was evaluated on a publicly available PSMA-PET/CT dataset comprising 597 studies from 378 male patients acquired on three scanner models (18-F, n = 369; 68-Ga, n = 228). The system uses GPT-5.2 as its reasoning engine and 23 tools exposed via four Model Context Protocol servers, automating DICOM metadata extraction, image preprocessing, MC simulation, organ segmentation, and dosimetric reporting through natural-language interaction. Agentic performance was assessed using diverse prompt templates spanning single-turn instructions of varying specificity and multi-turn conversational exchanges, monitored via OpenTelemetry traces. Dosimetric accuracy was validated against OpenDose3D across 114 cases and 22 organs using Pearson's r, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), and Bland-Altman analysis. Results: Across all prompt temp...