[2512.15891] Dynamical Mechanisms for Coordinating Long-term Working Memory Based on the Precision of Spike-timing in Cortical Neurons

Quantitative Biology > Neurons and Cognition arXiv:2512.15891 (q-bio) [Submitted on 17 Dec 2025 (v1), last revised 12 Feb 2026 (this version, v4)] Title:Dynamical Mechanisms for Coordinating Long-term Working Memory Based on the Precision of Spike-timing in Cortical Neurons Authors:Terrence J. Sejnowski View a PDF of the paper titled Dynamical Mechanisms for Coordinating Long-term Working Memory Based on the Precision of Spike-timing in Cortical Neurons, by Terrence J. Sejnowski View PDF Abstract:In the last century, most sensorimotor studies of cortical neurons relied on average firing rates. Rate coding is efficient for fast sensorimotor processing that occurs within a few seconds. Much less is known about the neural mechanisms underlying long-term working memory with a time scale of hours (Ericsson and Kintsch, 1995). Cognitive states may not have sensory or motor correlates. For example, you can sit in a quiet room making plans without moving or sensory processing. You can also make plans while out walking. This suggests that the neural substrate for cognitive states neither depends on nor interferes with ongoing sensorimotor brain activity. In this perspective, I make the case for a possible second tier of neural activity that coexists with the well-established sensorimotor tier, based on coordinated spike-timing activity. The discovery of millisecond-precision spike initiation in cortical neurons was unexpected (Mainen and Sejnowski, 1995). Even more striking was the...