[2603.00055] M3-AD: Reflection-aware Multi-modal, Multi-category, and Multi-dimensional Benchmark and Framework for Industrial Anomaly Detection

Computer Science > Machine Learning arXiv:2603.00055 (cs) [Submitted on 10 Feb 2026] Title:M3-AD: Reflection-aware Multi-modal, Multi-category, and Multi-dimensional Benchmark and Framework for Industrial Anomaly Detection Authors:Chao Huang, Yanhui Li, Yunkang Cao, Wei Wang, Hongxi Huang, Jie Wen, Wenqi Ren, Xiaochun Cao View a PDF of the paper titled M3-AD: Reflection-aware Multi-modal, Multi-category, and Multi-dimensional Benchmark and Framework for Industrial Anomaly Detection, by Chao Huang and 7 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Although multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced industrial anomaly detection toward a zero-shot paradigm, they still tend to produce high-confidence yet unreliable decisions in fine-grained and structurally complex industrial scenarios, and lack effective self-corrective mechanisms. To address this issue, we propose M3-AD, a unified reflection-aware multimodal framework for industrial anomaly detection. M3-AD comprises two complementary data resources: M3-AD-FT, designed for reflection-aligned fine-tuning, and M3-AD-Bench, designed for systematic cross-category evaluation, together providing a foundation for reflection-aware learning and reliability assessment. Building upon this foundation, we propose RA-Monitor, which models reflection as a learnable decision revision process and guides models to perform controlled self-correction when initial judgments are unreliable, thereby improving decision robustness...