[2603.19042] Man and machine: artificial intelligence and judicial decision making

Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence arXiv:2603.19042 (cs) [Submitted on 19 Mar 2026 (v1), last revised 26 Mar 2026 (this version, v2)] Title:Man and machine: artificial intelligence and judicial decision making Authors:Arthur Dyevre, Ahmad Shahvaroughi View a PDF of the paper titled Man and machine: artificial intelligence and judicial decision making, by Arthur Dyevre and Ahmad Shahvaroughi View PDF Abstract:The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into judicial decision-making, particularly in pretrial, sentencing, and parole contexts, has generated substantial concerns about transparency, reliability, and accountability. At the same time, these developments have brought the limitations of human judgment into sharper relief and underscored the importance of understanding how judges interact with AI-based decision aids. Using criminal justice risk assessment as a focal case, we conduct a synthetic review connecting three intertwined aspects of AI's role in judicial decision-making: the performance and fairness of AI tools, the strengths and biases of human judges, and the nature of AI-plus-human interactions. Across the fields of computer science, economics, law, criminology, and psychology, researchers have made significant progress in evaluating the predictive validity of automated risk assessment instruments, documenting biases in judicial decision-making, and, to a more limited extent, examining how judges use algorithmic recommendations. Wh...