[2603.02228] Neural Paging: Learning Context Management Policies for Turing-Complete Agents

Computer Science > Machine Learning arXiv:2603.02228 (cs) [Submitted on 11 Feb 2026] Title:Neural Paging: Learning Context Management Policies for Turing-Complete Agents Authors:Liang Chen, Qi Liu View a PDF of the paper titled Neural Paging: Learning Context Management Policies for Turing-Complete Agents, by Liang Chen and 1 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:The proof that Large Language Models (LLMs) augmented with external read-write memory constitute a computationally universal system has established the theoretical foundation for general-purpose agents. However, existing implementations face a critical bottleneck: the finite and costly Context Window, which functions not as infinite memory but as a scarce semantic cache. In this work, we introduce \textit{Neural Paging}, a hierarchical architecture that decouples symbolic reasoning from information resource management. We formulate the \textit{Context Paging Problem (CPP)} and propose a lightweight, differentiable \textit{Page Controller} designed to approximate ``Semantic Belady's Optimality'' -- retaining tokens with high future utility under explicit assumptions on access patterns. We provide theoretical analysis showing that, under bounded context window size~$K$, Neural Paging reduces the asymptotic complexity of long-horizon reasoning from quadratic $O(N^2)$ to $O(N \cdot K^2)$, and we derive a robustness bound (Theorem~4) that quantifies competitive-ratio degradation under policy-dependent acc...