[2603.26739] Quantum Fuzzy Sets Revisited: Density Matrices, Decoherence, and the Q-Matrix Framework

Quantum Physics arXiv:2603.26739 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 22 Mar 2026] Title:Quantum Fuzzy Sets Revisited: Density Matrices, Decoherence, and the Q-Matrix Framework Authors:Mirco A. Mannucci View a PDF of the paper titled Quantum Fuzzy Sets Revisited: Density Matrices, Decoherence, and the Q-Matrix Framework, by Mirco A. Mannucci View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:In 2006 we proposed Quantum Fuzzy Sets, observing that states of a quantum register could serve as characteristic functions of fuzzy subsets, embedding Zadeh's unit interval into the Bloch sphere. That paper was deliberately preliminary. In the two decades since, the idea has been taken up by researchers working on quantum annealers, intuitionistic fuzzy connectives, and quantum machine learning, while parallel developments in categorical quantum mechanics have reshaped the theoretical landscape. The present paper revisits that programme and introduces two main extensions. First, we move from pure states to density matrices, so that truth values occupy the entire Bloch ball rather than its surface; this captures the phenomenon of semantic decoherence that pure-state semantics cannot express. Second, we introduce the Q-Matrix, a global density matrix from which individual quantum fuzzy sets emerge as local sections via partial trace. We define a category QFS of quantum fuzzy sets, establish basic structural properties (monoidal structure, fibration over Set), characterize the classical limit as simultaneous dia...