[2603.01407] The Observer-Situation Lattice: A Unified Formal Basis for Perspective-Aware Cognition

Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence arXiv:2603.01407 (cs) [Submitted on 2 Mar 2026] Title:The Observer-Situation Lattice: A Unified Formal Basis for Perspective-Aware Cognition Authors:Saad Alqithami View a PDF of the paper titled The Observer-Situation Lattice: A Unified Formal Basis for Perspective-Aware Cognition, by Saad Alqithami View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Autonomous agents operating in complex, multi-agent environments must reason about what is true from multiple perspectives. Existing approaches often struggle to integrate the reasoning of different agents, at different times, and in different contexts, typically handling these dimensions in separate, specialized modules. This fragmentation leads to a brittle and incomplete reasoning process, particularly when agents must understand the beliefs of others (Theory of Mind). We introduce the Observer-Situation Lattice (OSL), a unified mathematical structure that provides a single, coherent semantic space for perspective-aware cognition. OSL is a finite complete lattice where each element represents a unique observer-situation pair, allowing for a principled and scalable approach to belief management. We present two key algorithms that operate on this lattice: (i) Relativized Belief Propagation, an incremental update algorithm that efficiently propagates new information, and (ii) Minimal Contradiction Decomposition, a graph-based procedure that identifies and isolates contradiction components. We prove...