[2604.03289] Toward Artificial Intelligence Enabled Earth System Coupling

Physics > Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics arXiv:2604.03289 (physics) [Submitted on 26 Mar 2026] Title:Toward Artificial Intelligence Enabled Earth System Coupling Authors:Maria Kaselimi, Anna Belehaki View a PDF of the paper titled Toward Artificial Intelligence Enabled Earth System Coupling, by Maria Kaselimi and 1 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Coupling constitutes a foundational mechanism in the Earth system, regulating the interconnected physical, chemical, and biological processes that link its spheres. This review examines how emerging artificial intelligence (AI) methods create new opportunities to enhance Earth system coupling and address long-standing limitations in multi-component models. Rather than surveying next-generation modelling efforts broadly, we focus specifically on how state-of-the-art AI techniques can strengthen cross-domain interactions, support more coherent multi-component representations, and enable progress toward unified Earth system frameworks. The scope extends beyond climate models to include any modelling system in which Earth spheres interact. We outline emerging opportunities, persistent limitations, and conceptual pathways through which AI may enhance physical consistency, interpretability, and integration across domains. In doing so, this review provides a structured foundation for understanding the role of AI in advancing coupled Earth system modelling. Subjects: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph); Ar...