[2603.21250] Graph of States: Solving Abductive Tasks with Large Language Models

Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence arXiv:2603.21250 (cs) [Submitted on 22 Mar 2026] Title:Graph of States: Solving Abductive Tasks with Large Language Models Authors:Yu Luo, Rongchen Gao, Lu Teng, Xidao Wen, Jiamin Jiang, Qingliang Zhang, Yongqian Sun, Shenglin Zhang, Jiasong Feng, Tong Liu, Wenjie Zhang, Dan Pei View a PDF of the paper titled Graph of States: Solving Abductive Tasks with Large Language Models, by Yu Luo and 11 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Logical reasoning encompasses deduction, induction, and abduction. However, while Large Language Models (LLMs) have effectively mastered the former two, abductive reasoning remains significantly underexplored. Existing frameworks, predominantly designed for static deductive tasks, fail to generalize to abductive reasoning due to unstructured state representation and lack of explicit state control. Consequently, they are inevitably prone to Evidence Fabrication, Context Drift, Failed Backtracking, and Early Stopping. To bridge this gap, we introduce Graph of States (GoS), a general-purpose neuro-symbolic framework tailored for abductive tasks. GoS grounds multi-agent collaboration in a structured belief states, utilizing a causal graph to explicitly encode logical dependencies and a state machine to govern the valid transitions of the reasoning process. By dynamically aligning the reasoning focus with these symbolic constraints, our approach transforms aimless, unconstrained exploration into...