[2603.22437] mmFHE: mmWave Sensing with End-to-End Fully Homomorphic Encryption

Computer Science > Cryptography and Security arXiv:2603.22437 (cs) [Submitted on 23 Mar 2026] Title:mmFHE: mmWave Sensing with End-to-End Fully Homomorphic Encryption Authors:Tanvir Ahmed, Yixuan Gao, Adnan Armouti, Rajalakshmi Nandakumar View a PDF of the paper titled mmFHE: mmWave Sensing with End-to-End Fully Homomorphic Encryption, by Tanvir Ahmed and 3 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:We present mmFHE, the first system that enables fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) for end-to-end mmWave radar sensing. mmFHE encrypts raw range profiles on a lightweight edge device and executes the entire mmWave signal-processing and ML inference pipeline homomorphically on an untrusted cloud that operates exclusively on ciphertexts. At the core of mmFHE is a library of seven composable, data-oblivious FHE kernels that replace standard DSP routines with fixed arithmetic circuits. These kernels can be flexibly composed into different application-specific pipelines. We demonstrate this approach on two representative tasks: vital-sign monitoring and gesture recognition. We formally prove two cryptographic guarantees for any pipeline assembled from this library: input privacy, the cloud learns nothing about the sensor data; and data obliviousness, the execution trace is identical on the cloud regardless of the data being processed. These guarantees effectively neutralize various supervised and unsupervised privacy attacks on raw data, including re-identification and data...